Important rock for hydrocarbon production.
Five
types of important sedimentary rocks from the production of hydrocarbons.
Sandstones
Sandstones
are clastic sedimentary rocks composed of mainly sand size particles or
grains set in a matrix of silt or clay and more or less firmly united by a cementing
material (commonly silica, iron oxide, or calcium carbonate). The sand particles usually
consist of quartz, and the term “sandstone”, when used without qualification, indicates a
rock containing about 85-90% quartz. Sandstone is good reservoir rock.
grains set in a matrix of silt or clay and more or less firmly united by a cementing
material (commonly silica, iron oxide, or calcium carbonate). The sand particles usually
consist of quartz, and the term “sandstone”, when used without qualification, indicates a
rock containing about 85-90% quartz. Sandstone is good reservoir rock.
Carbonates,
broken
into two categories, limestones and dolomites.
Carbonates are sediments formed by a mineral compound characterized by a
fundamental anionic structure of CO3-2. Calcite and aragonite CaCO3, are examples of
carbonates. Limestones are sedimentary rocks consisting chiefly of the mineral calcite
(calcium carbonate, CaCO3), with or without magnesium carbonate. Limestones are the
most important and widely distributed of the carbonate rocks. Dolomite is a common rock forming mineral with the formula CaMg(CO3)2. A sedimentary rock will be named dolomite if that rock is composed of more than 90% mineral dolomite and less than 10% mineral calcite. Limestone and dolomites are both reservoir rocks
Carbonates are sediments formed by a mineral compound characterized by a
fundamental anionic structure of CO3-2. Calcite and aragonite CaCO3, are examples of
carbonates. Limestones are sedimentary rocks consisting chiefly of the mineral calcite
(calcium carbonate, CaCO3), with or without magnesium carbonate. Limestones are the
most important and widely distributed of the carbonate rocks. Dolomite is a common rock forming mineral with the formula CaMg(CO3)2. A sedimentary rock will be named dolomite if that rock is composed of more than 90% mineral dolomite and less than 10% mineral calcite. Limestone and dolomites are both reservoir rocks
Shales
Shale is a type of detrital sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of fine-grained
material including clay, mud, and silt and have a layered or stratified structure parallel to
bedding. Shales are typically porous and contain hydrocarbons but generally exhibit no
permeability. Therefore, they typically do not form reservoirs but do make excellent cap
rocks. If shale is fractured, it would have the potential to be a reservoir. Shale act as a source rock, Also act as unconventional reservoir rock by exerting pressure and giving temperature by synthetically.
Evaporites
Evaporites do not form reservoirs like limestone and sandstone, but are very important to
petroleum exploration because they make excellent cap rocks and generate traps. The
term “evaporite” is used for all deposits, such as salt deposits, that are composed of
minerals that precipitated from saline solutions concentrated by evaporation. On
evaporation the general sequence of precipitation is: calcite, gypsum or anhydrite, halite,
and finally bittern salts.
Evaporites make excellent cap rocks because they are impermeable and, unlike lithified
shales, they deform plastically, not by fracturing.
Shale is a type of detrital sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of fine-grained
material including clay, mud, and silt and have a layered or stratified structure parallel to
bedding. Shales are typically porous and contain hydrocarbons but generally exhibit no
permeability. Therefore, they typically do not form reservoirs but do make excellent cap
rocks. If shale is fractured, it would have the potential to be a reservoir. Shale act as a source rock, Also act as unconventional reservoir rock by exerting pressure and giving temperature by synthetically.
Evaporites
Evaporites do not form reservoirs like limestone and sandstone, but are very important to
petroleum exploration because they make excellent cap rocks and generate traps. The
term “evaporite” is used for all deposits, such as salt deposits, that are composed of
minerals that precipitated from saline solutions concentrated by evaporation. On
evaporation the general sequence of precipitation is: calcite, gypsum or anhydrite, halite,
and finally bittern salts.
Evaporites make excellent cap rocks because they are impermeable and, unlike lithified
shales, they deform plastically, not by fracturing.
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