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the Rock Cycle

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The Rock Cycle Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are related by the rock cycle, the circular process by which each is formed from the others. Rocks are weathered to form sediment, which is then buried. During deeper and deeper burial, the rocks undergo metamorphism and/or melting. Later, they are deformed and uplifted into mountain chains, only to be weathered again and recycled.  Rocks do not remain in equilibrium and are forced to change as they encounter new environments. The rock cycle is an illustration that explains how the three rock types are related to each other, and how processes change from one type to another over time. The rock cycle never stops.
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SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY

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SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY Subsurface geology   is the study of the physical properties and location of rock and soil found below the ground surface THE IMPORTANCE OF SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY If a proper subsurface geologic study was conducted in the year 1360, the Leaning Tower of Pisa would just be known as the Tower of Pisa today! These studies can also reveal hazards such as underground coal mine workings and unstable slopes. It is significantly cheaper to design for hazards than to repair the damage later. Thus, engineering companies often obtain geotechnical reports before starting any major project. The construction industry relies heavily on mining sand and gravel resources. These resources provide the raw materials needed to produce concrete and asphalt for our roads, offices, and homes. Understanding the amount and quality of the sand and gravel in a resource deposit can influence many decisions in the mining process. Total reserve estimates, mine design, and mining metho...
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Reservoir rock properties

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THE PROPERTIES OF RESERVOIR ROCKS According to Society of Petroleum Engineers Glossary, a reservoir rock is a rock containing porosity, permeability, sufficient hydrocarbon accumulation and a sealing mechanism to form a reservoir from which commercial flows of hydrocarbons can be produced. Porosity and permeability are the reservoir rock most significant physical properties.  A fundamental property of a reservoir rock between them is porosity. However, for explorationists, an effective reservoir rock, the most fundamental reservoir rock property is its permeability. Both of them are geometric properties are the result of its lithological, structural and compositional behaviour (composition). These physical compositions of a rock and the textural properties are geometric such as sizes and shapes of the rock grains, their arrangement system and packaging. The efficiency of reservoir rock account on different important properties. The reservoir content is estimated by means studyi...
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